Strictly speaking, CFD-DEM is multiphase per definition. However, in many cases processes involve bulk materials and several fluid phases at the same time. CFDEM®coupling provides solvers for VOF and Euler-Euler simulations as well as a list of models for depicting spray, dust, evaporation, melting, attrition etc.
Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of a three phase ball mill (water, gas, granular material) with a volume of fluid (VOF) and a DEM solver.
A three-phase fluidized bed comprising liquid, gas and particles is modelled using (Euler-Euler) CFD-DEM method.
Simulation of spray-coating in a fluidized bed, often used to add active or inactive ingredients or to coat particles. The fluidized bed is simulated using CFD-DEM, additionally the spray is fully resolved in a Lagrangian way (subject to fluid forces). Particles then capture the spray and get wetted. Optionally, particles can transfer the liquid content from one to another, and the particle-particle interaction laws can be extended by e.g. liquid bridge forces.
This application case combines numerous functionalities:
A spray wets the inserted particles. Both the walls and a hot gas stream heat up the particles which triggers evaporation. The water vapor is transported by the fluid.
Model of a melting pot realized with CFDEM®coupling. Particles are heated up by particle-wall contact and convective heat transfer. If the particles reach a melting temperature, they shrink and this volume is transferred to the liquid phase. This results in a three phase system with solid particles, gas and liquid.
Coupled CFD-DEM simulation of a three phase ball mill (water, gas, granular material) with a volume of fluid (VOF) and a DEM solver.
A three-phase fluidized bed comprising liquid, gas and particles is modelled using (Euler-Euler) CFD-DEM method.
Simulation of spray-coating in a fluidized bed, often used to add active or inactive ingredients or to coat particles. The fluidized bed is simulated using CFD-DEM, additionally the spray is fully resolved in a Lagrangian way (subject to fluid forces). Particles then capture the spray and get wetted. Optionally, particles can transfer the liquid content from one to another, and the particle-particle interaction laws can be extended by e.g. liquid bridge forces.
This application case combines numerous functionalities:
A spray wets the inserted particles. Both the walls and a hot gas stream heat up the particles which triggers evaporation. The water vapor is transported by the fluid.
Model of a melting pot realized with CFDEM®coupling. Particles are heated up by particle-wall contact and convective heat transfer. If the particles reach a melting temperature, they shrink and this volume is transferred to the liquid phase. This results in a three phase system with solid particles, gas and liquid.